一、礦井概況
山東(dong)省邱集煤礦(kuang)(kuang)有限公司(si)位于(yu)德(de)州市齊河(he)縣(xian)馬集鎮境(jing)內,是(shi)黃河(he)北煤田第一對(dui)試驗型礦(kuang)(kuang)井。2003年(nian)12月(yue)31日(ri)正(zheng)式(shi)投產,核(he)定生產能(neng)力達到75萬噸/年(nian)。礦(kuang)(kuang)井采用立井開拓,中央并列式(shi)通風,可采煤層為7、10、11、13煤層。經多年(nian)開采7煤臨近枯(ku)竭,開采下(xia)組(zu)煤成為礦(kuang)(kuang)井的必由之路。下(xia)組(zu)煤(11、13煤層)總儲量(liang)近2億t,占(zhan)礦(kuang)(kuang)井資(zi)源量(liang)的87%。下(xia)組(zu)煤深受頂(ding)底(di)板灰(hui)巖水(shui)害的威脅,水(shui)文地質條(tiao)件為復雜型。
二、礦井水文地質條件
井田內的(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)自(zi)上(shang)而下主要是太(tai)原組一灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、二(er)煤灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、三灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、四(si)五(wu)(wu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、徐灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和奧陶系灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)巖。其中一灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、二(er)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、三灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)已基本(ben)疏干,四(si)五(wu)(wu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)為11煤直(zhi)接充(chong)(chong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),平(ping)均(jun)厚度9.8m,單位涌(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量0.19-1.38L/s·m,富水(shui)(shui)(shui)性中等-強(qiang)(qiang);徐灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),單位涌(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量0.11-1.21L/s·m,平(ping)均(jun)厚度10m,富水(shui)(shui)(shui)性中等-強(qiang)(qiang);奧灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)區域厚度700m左右,單位涌(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量0.02-4.04L/s·m,富水(shui)(shui)(shui)性弱至強(qiang)(qiang),是四(si)五(wu)(wu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、徐灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)直(zhi)接充(chong)(chong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)。經多次放水(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗查明(ming)四(si)五(wu)(wu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、徐灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與徐奧灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之間存在垂向水(shui)(shui)(shui)力聯(lian)系。

三、下組煤開采技術
1.地面(mian)區(qu)域治理技(ji)術(shu)
經過充(chong)分的技(ji)術論證和考察(cha),2016年確(que)定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過采用地面(mian)順層水(shui)平定(ding)(ding)向鉆探(tan)+高壓注漿(jiang)技(ji)術進(jin)(jin)行超前區(qu)域治理(li)。超前區(qu)域治理(li)將水(shui)害由(you)被動防治向主動治理(li)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)轉(zhuan)變,其優勢(shi)主要表現在(zai)區(qu)域、手段(duan)、時效3個方面(mian)。

地面順(shun)層水平(ping)鉆孔(kong)(kong)結(jie)構(gou)由直井、造斜和水平(ping)段(duan)組成。鉆孔(kong)(kong)由一個主孔(kong)(kong)和若干分支(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)組成,根據需(xu)要確(que)定(ding)不同的布置方式,并根據注漿(jiang)擴散距離確(que)定(ding)合(he)理孔(kong)(kong)間距,治理中實行逢漏、分段(duan)注漿(jiang)相結(jie)合(he),注漿(jiang)終壓為目的巖(yan)溶含水層靜水壓力的1.5-2.0倍。

在(zai)分析(xi)水(shui)(shui)文地質條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)、總結前(qian)(qian)期的(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,不斷優(you)化(hua)方案(an)設(she)計,針(zhen)對(dui)11煤(mei)頂板為四五灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)層,含水(shui)(shui)層難以(yi)疏干的(de)(de)現(xian)狀,提出并(bing)實施了“頂底(di)板同注(zhu)”技術方案(an)(專利號201710170051.2);同時不斷改進施工工藝,針(zhen)對(dui)前(qian)(qian)期扇(shan)狀布(bu)置水(shui)(shui)平鉆孔(kong),存在(zai)鉆孔(kong)間距不均(jun)一(0-70米)、順(shun)層段(duan)短、漿(jiang)液擴(kuo)散不均(jun)問題,聯(lian)合(he)石油單位進行(xing)(xing)科技攻關,研(yan)(yan)發(fa)了“在(zai)淺埋(mai)深(shen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下等(deng)距離分支鉆孔(kong)”技術(專利號2018109792466);結合(he)完(wan)善的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)文動態監(jian)測系統,根據注(zhu)漿(jiang)擴(kuo)散范圍、注(zhu)漿(jiang)壓力、水(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)變化(hua),調(diao)整注(zhu)漿(jiang)參數,進行(xing)(xing)了黃河北煤(mei)田定向鉆進精準注(zhu)漿(jiang)水(shui)(shui)害治(zhi)理(li)技術研(yan)(yan)究,形成了一套(tao)具有自主知識產(chan)權的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)害治(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)技術,實現(xian)了我國(guo)頂底(di)板雙(shuang)重灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)威(wei)脅(xie)煤(mei)層開采的(de)(de)突破。
2.采區設計優化
一采區(qu)初(chu)步設計為走向(xiang)開采方(fang)案(an),結合(he)肥(fei)城(cheng)礦區(qu)經驗,根據礦井水害防治要求(qiu),為保證可能出水后(hou)人員(yuan)的撤離,優化為傾(qing)向(xiang)開采方(fang)案(an),其優點為:
(1)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系統完善,預(yu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)災的能力強,安全性高。通過泄水(shui)(shui)巷,水(shui)(shui)直接進入水(shui)(shui)倉,防(fang)止了工作(zuo)面積(ji)水(shui)(shui)。
(2)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)口多(duo),有利于防災(zai)避(bi)災(zai)。采區上(shang)山與安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)通(tong)道(dao)貫通(tong)后,采區形(xing)成(cheng)三個安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)口,不僅避(bi)災(zai)路線(xian)短,而且人員避(bi)災(zai)時(shi)還可以避(bi)免經過采區最低點。
(3)采(cai)區內(nei)的(de)掘進、回采(cai)均為(wei)仰采(cai)的(de)作業方式,可以減輕作業時突水(shui)對施工(gong)人員的(de)威脅。后期(qi)回采(cai)時,還可以防止(zhi)因巷道(dao)起伏(fu)造(zao)成積水(shui)影響(xiang)巷道(dao)的(de)供(gong)風。
(4)通(tong)風方式:通(tong)過(guo)應用110工(gong)法,1101工(gong)作面實現(xian)了(le)Y型通(tong)風。軌道順槽(cao)和(he)膠(jiao)帶順槽(cao)兩巷進風,沿空留巷段(duan)回(hui)風,保證了(le)工(gong)作面兩順槽(cao)均為新鮮(xian)風流,大大改善了(le)工(gong)作面工(gong)作環(huan)境。
經多次對比、優化,采(cai)用(yong)了傾向開采(cai)方(fang)案,同時施工安全通(tong)道,并(bing)設置專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)泄水(shui)巷。

采區設(she)計走(zou)向(xiang)與傾向(xiang)開(kai)采對比圖(tu)
3.井下探查補注(zhu)技術
在(zai)區域治(zhi)理(li)過程中(zhong),采(cai)用了多(duo)技術手段對治(zhi)理(li)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)行的探(tan)(tan)測(ce),并驗證治(zhi)理(li)效(xiao)(xiao)果。多(duo)次在(zai)地(di)面采(cai)用電法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行大(da)區域探(tan)(tan)測(ce)。按照《煤礦防治(zhi)水細則》要(yao)求,在(zai)井下采(cai)用物(wu)探(tan)(tan)、鉆探(tan)(tan)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行效(xiao)(xiao)果驗證,堅持逢掘必(bi)探(tan)(tan),對工作面采(cai)用2種物(wu)探(tan)(tan)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行相互驗證。
在井下多(duo)(duo)地點、多(duo)(duo)角度、多(duo)(duo)方向、分序次施工(gong)(gong)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)(ban)(ban)四五灰、底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)徐奧灰鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong),實現(xian)對區域(yu)內注漿(jiang)效果的立體探查(cha)。鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)即為(wei)探查(cha)孔(kong)(kong)(kong),也是補注孔(kong)(kong)(kong),實現(xian)一(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)(duo)用。施工(gong)(gong)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)(ban)(ban)四五灰切(qie)頂(ding)(ding)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)1000多(duo)(duo)個,治理后頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)(ban)(ban)已經疏(shu)干(gan);對于底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)探查(cha)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)單孔(kong)(kong)(kong)涌(yong)水量(liang)小于3.0m/h,將作為(wei)水文觀測孔(kong)(kong)(kong);涌(yong)水量(liang)大于3.0m/h的鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)采用黃土水泥補注加(jia)固,然后根(gen)據第(di)一(yi)序次鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)水量(liang)和注漿(jiang)量(liang)施工(gong)(gong)第(di)二序次鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)和檢查(cha)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)。
4.頂板預裂卸(xie)壓開采技術
針對11煤的(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)為(wei)四(si)五灰巖層(ceng),不易冒落(luo)的(de)(de)特點,采用頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)預裂卸壓開(kai)采,全垮落(luo)式管理頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)。地面注漿改造后,頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)四(si)五灰的(de)(de)物理和(he)力學性質發生(sheng)了改變,為(wei)控制頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)垮落(luo),通過(guo)經(jing)驗借鑒、數值(zhi)模擬等手段,提出并(bing)實踐“頂(ding)(ding)板(ban)灰巖全閉合預裂卸壓開(kai)采技(ji)術”。
該技術對復合堅硬頂(ding)板(ban)(ban)進行(xing)預(yu)裂切(qie)縫爆破,切(qie)斷了(le)采(cai)(cai)空(kong)區與周邊巷(xiang)道(dao)區域頂(ding)板(ban)(ban)之間的直接聯系,采(cai)(cai)空(kong)區頂(ding)板(ban)(ban)全部垮落,將(jiang)頂(ding)板(ban)(ban)壓力傳遞到采(cai)(cai)空(kong)區底(di)板(ban)(ban),減少對煤層底(di)板(ban)(ban)的破壞深度(du)。切(qie)頂(ding)卸壓是目的,留巷(xiang)作為(wei)副產品(首(shou)采(cai)(cai)面兩巷(xiang)全留巷(xiang)),留設巷(xiang)道(dao)可為(wei)下(xia)一(yi)個工(gong)作面服(fu)務(wu),運用并改進了(le)110工(gong)法。
5.智能化開采技術
利(li)用工(gong)作面穩定性頂板條件(jian),大力實(shi)施以“提高裝(zhuang)備水平(ping)、優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)勞動(dong)組織”為主要(yao)內(nei)容的“一(yi)提雙優(you)”工(gong)作實(shi)踐,著力構(gou)建“工(gong)藝現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、生產自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、運行集(ji)控(kong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、管(guan)理信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、隊伍專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”新型生產模式,開(kai)啟“智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)采(cai)”新時代。工(gong)作面集(ji)成(cheng)了液(ye)壓支架電控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、采(cai)煤(mei)機自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、語音通信系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、工(gong)作面視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)輔助系(xi)統(tong)(tong)與(yu)順(shun)槽集(ji)控(kong)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),在地面與(yu)井下實(shi)現一(yi)鍵(jian)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)順(shun)序啟停、液(ye)壓支架的遠程與(yu)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)、采(cai)煤(mei)機的遠程與(yu)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)、視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)輔助干預與(yu)自動(dong)跟(gen)隨等(deng)核(he)心功能。工(gong)作面建立了設備云平(ping)臺(tai)監(jian)控(kong),利(li)用礦井的萬兆網絡和自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)集(ji)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),將(jiang)記憶割煤(mei)、人工(gong)輔助、調度(du)監(jian)控(kong)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),實(shi)現工(gong)作面的智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)采(cai)。
1101智能化(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面“四新(xin)技術”的成功(gong)應用,將(jiang)職工(gong)(gong)從危險的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面解放到安全的順槽監控中心(xin),有效(xiao)降(jiang)低了(le)職工(gong)(gong)的勞動強度,實現了(le)“4D”歸零目標,提升了(le)礦井安全保障能力(li)。

6.安全措施的保障
1)強排系統。針對開采下組煤,礦井在原(yuan)有排水系統的基礎上,建立(li)了強排系統;在泵房安設兩臺直排電泵,排水能力1000m/h。
2)疏(shu)水降壓(ya)。在工作(zuo)面開(kai)采中,為減(jian)少開(kai)采對底(di)板破壞的(de)(de)深(shen)度和強度,采取了疏(shu)水降壓(ya)的(de)(de)技(ji)術手(shou)段,以開(kai)采線(xian)為中心(xin),前、中、后相結合,控(kong)制放水的(de)(de)范圍(wei),并建立了疏(shu)水降壓(ya)臺賬、繪制工作(zuo)面涌水量觀測(ce)圖表(biao)。
3)強(qiang)化預(yu)警(jing)。不斷完善(shan)礦(kuang)井(jing)水(shui)文動態(tai)監測預(yu)警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和突(tu)水(shui)預(yu)警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),對井(jing)田范圍內主要充(chong)水(shui)含(han)水(shui)層和工作(zuo)面區(qu)域的(de)水(shui)位、水(shui)溫、水(shui)壓(ya)等進行動態(tai)觀測,并建立礦(kuang)井(jing)水(shui)質(zhi)數據庫。為礦(kuang)井(jing)水(shui)害治理(li)提(ti)供更(geng)有效(xiao)的(de)監測、分析。
4)預裂爆破管理頂板(ban)
針對(dui)邱集煤礦11煤堅(jian)硬頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板難垮(kua)落或大面積垮(kua)落難控制(zhi)(zhi)、應力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞可能造成的底(di)板破(po)(po)壞(huai)、突水(shui)等隱患問(wen)題,提出了超前深孔聚能預裂爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術,通過強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)放頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預切斷回采(cai)區域(yu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板與周圍頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板的直接(jie)聯系(xi),使得工(gong)作(zuo)面推過后采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板沿切縫(feng)線垮(kua)落,減少(shao)了采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區懸(xuan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)面積,改變了巷(xiang)(xiang)道(dao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板受力(li)情況,實現了切頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)留(liu)巷(xiang)(xiang);頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板垮(kua)落后,采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板上附礦壓通過冒落的頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)板傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到底(di)板上,改變了采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區底(di)板的應力(li)環(huan)境,降低(di)應力(li)對(dui)底(di)板破(po)(po)壞(huai)。
四、主要經驗
1.在進行(xing)黃河北煤(mei)田受(shou)頂底板(ban)(ban)雙(shuang)重水害威脅煤(mei)層水害治(zhi)理(li)過(guo)程中,通過(guo)采(cai)用地面區域順層鉆孔+高壓注(zhu)(zhu)漿技(ji)術進行(xing)水害超前治(zhi)理(li),實現了(le)水害治(zhi)理(li)技(ji)術新突破。“頂底板(ban)(ban)同注(zhu)(zhu)”技(ji)術,解決(jue)了(le)11煤(mei)受(shou)雙(shuang)重灰巖威脅的問(wen)題。
采用(yong)(yong)(yong)淺埋深(shen)地面(mian)(mian)順層等(deng)距離分支鉆孔鉆探技術施工(gong),在同(tong)條(tiao)件(jian)同(tong)工(gong)程量下,較(jiao)鉆孔采用(yong)(yong)(yong)扇形布置治(zhi)理(li)面(mian)(mian)積增加(jia)15%;單孔可節省治(zhi)理(li)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)100多萬元;在后期(qi)施工(gong)中全(quan)部采用(yong)(yong)(yong)該項(xiang)技術,可節省治(zhi)理(li)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)近(jin)2000萬元。
采(cai)用黃河北煤田灰巖(yan)含水層裂隙精準注漿(jiang)技術,每平米可節(jie)約(yue)(yue)水泥(ni)用量約(yue)(yue)5%,可節(jie)省治理費用約(yue)(yue)4000萬元。自動化造漿(jiang)控(kong)制系統,解決了漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye)攪拌不均的(de)(de)問(wen)題,實(shi)現了精確的(de)(de)控(kong)制漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)比重,降(jiang)低了揚塵概率,提(ti)高了效(xiao)能。
2.立體化水害防控理念
經過對下(xia)組煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)(jie),形成了(le)立(li)體(ti)(ti)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害(hai)防(fang)控理(li)念(nian),總結(jie)(jie)了(le)一套完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)技術(shu)。立(li)體(ti)(ti)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念(nian),包括(kuo)時(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)和空域(yu)(yu)(yu)兩個方(fang)面(mian),時(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)包括(kuo):礦井(jing)建井(jing)階段(duan)查清井(jing)田的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)地質條件勘(kan)查、礦井(jing)單獨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)地質單元勘(kan)察、超前區域(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)探查、井(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)探探查、采掘工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)監測(ce)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用規劃(hua)等。空域(yu)(yu)(yu)包括(kuo):大區域(yu)(yu)(yu)地面(mian)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)與(yu)工作面(mian)疏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)降壓結(jie)(jie)合(he),井(jing)田地層與(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)地層的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合(he),原巖(yan)應力(li)場(chang)、采動應力(li)場(chang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合(he);大構造(zao)、小斷(duan)層、裂隙(xi)展(zhan)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合(he)。不斷(duan)推進單一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變,對勘(kan)、探、治(zhi)(zhi)、評(ping)、防(fang)、監、控整體(ti)(ti)規劃(hua),實現“防(fang)、治(zhi)(zhi)、控”一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)、立(li)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)。
五、治理效果
邱(qiu)集(ji)礦11煤(mei)(mei)(mei)頂(ding)、底(di)(di)板薄層(ceng)灰(hui)巖(yan)含水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)治理工程(cheng)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)3年來(lai),效果顯(xian)著,主要表現:一是實現黃(huang)河北煤(mei)(mei)(mei)田11煤(mei)(mei)(mei)的首次揭露(lu),實現了(le)頂(ding)底(di)(di)板雙重威(wei)脅煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)的新突破,初期解放11煤(mei)(mei)(mei)儲量約(yue)400萬噸。二(er)是11煤(mei)(mei)(mei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)掘進巷道12000米,形(xing)成了(le)排水(shui)(shui)、通(tong)風(feng)、供電、運輸系統。三是總結出11煤(mei)(mei)(mei)沿頂(ding)板四五灰(hui)掘進過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)正常涌水(shui)(shui)量小(xiao)于3m/h,底(di)(di)板徐灰(hui)檢查孔(kong)小(xiao)于10m/h基本(ben)能夠保證安(an)全(quan)(quan)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)。四是試采(cai)(cai)面完(wan)成安(an)全(quan)(quan)試采(cai)(cai),首采(cai)(cai)工作面已推采(cai)(cai)160m。五是治理過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)形(xing)成了(le)一套完(wan)整的適應邱(qiu)集(ji)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦水(shui)(shui)文(wen)地(di)質條(tiao)件的水(shui)(shui)平定向鉆孔(kong)頂(ding)底(di)(di)板同注漿新技(ji)術、頂(ding)板全(quan)(quan)閉(bi)合預裂卸壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)技(ji)術、記憶(yi)式智(zhi)能化工作面建設。
在下組(zu)煤(mei)開(kai)采(cai)過程中(zhong),根據(ju)礦井水(shui)文地質條件(jian),采(cai)用新治理技(ji)(ji)術,并不斷(duan)進行(xing)科技(ji)(ji)創新,形成了(le)以“立體化(hua)水(shui)害防治”、“預裂式卸壓(ya)開(kai)采(cai)”、“智能化(hua)開(kai)采(cai)”為(wei)核心的、具有自主產權的下組(zu)煤(mei)開(kai)采(cai)關鍵技(ji)(ji)術,為(wei)解(jie)放(fang)黃河(he)北煤(mei)田(tian)區(qu)域(yu)內大量優質煤(mei)炭資源奠定了(le)堅實的基礎,積累了(le)較(jiao)為(wei)豐富的防治水(shui)、開(kai)采(cai)技(ji)(ji)術和實踐(jian)經(jing)驗。