王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團，位于濟寧市任城區境內，坐落于微山湖畔，礦井于2004年9月開工建設，2007年7月1日投入生產，減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓，走向長壁一次采全高，全部垮落法管理頂板，井底車場水平為-680m，主采3上煤層(ceng)，平均開(kai)采厚(hou)度(du)2.12m，屬中厚(hou)煤層(ceng)，煤種主要為低灰、低磷、低硫的1/3焦(jiao)(jiao)精煤。近年來，王樓煤礦(kuang)按照能(neng)(neng)源集團(tuan)(tuan)“一提(ti)雙優”及集團(tuan)(tuan)公司新舊動能(neng)(neng)轉換工(gong)作部署，持(chi)續推(tui)進裝備升級、系統優化，邁出了智能(neng)(neng)智慧礦(kuang)山建設堅實步伐。特別(bie)是面對去(qu)年以來煤炭生產(chan)形勢(shi)大變局和減量(liang)化生產(chan)挑戰，王樓煤礦(kuang)堅持(chi)深思一層(ceng)、先行一步，聚(ju)焦(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)出原煤質量(liang)“做文章”，將(jiang)煤炭洗(xi)選環節前置、下(xia)沉至(zhi)井下(xia)，引進TDS智能(neng)(neng)干選工(gong)藝(yi)，將(jiang)選出的矸石直接用(yong)于井下(xia)條(tiao)采工(gong)作面充(chong)填(tian)，構建形成了綠色開(kai)采新模式，推(tui)動了礦(kuang)井高質量(liang)發展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節，變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井，采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁；同時，3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)中普遍(bian)存在(zai)1-2層(ceng)夾矸(gan)，夾矸(gan)總(zong)厚為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3米(mi)；截至2018年年底(di)，原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)含矸(gan)率統(tong)(tong)計數據(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)30%～35%，較大(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)影(ying)響(xiang)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)產能(neng)(neng)釋放，一直(zhi)以(yi)來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)著礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)發(fa)展。為(wei)(wei)(wei)從(cong)根本上(shang)解決升井(jing)(jing)(jing)矸(gan)石(shi)對礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)(liang)和發(fa)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)問題，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)按照集團公(gong)司“出(chu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)不見煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)石(shi)不升井(jing)(jing)(jing)”的(de)(de)總(zong)體部(bu)署，打破思維，從(cong)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運(yun)輸環節入(ru)手，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)地(di)下(xia)(xia)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，變(bian)產原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)產商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。一是多方調(diao)研論證，前置(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)關口。為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)現原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)多方調(diao)研論證，將關口前移，于(yu)去(qu)年12月份，引進(jin)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備，首次(ci)將TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)技術應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)，在(zai)主(zhu)運(yun)輸皮(pi)帶系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中安(an)裝(zhuang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機，建成了(le)(le)世界首個井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)變(bian)革(ge)，入(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)2018年度(du)(du)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)裝(zhuang)備制(zhi)(zhi)造業十大(da)(da)(da)新聞。二(er)是依托智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)識別，實(shi)(shi)現無人(ren)(ren)值守。礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)給料(liao)(liao)、識別、執(zhi)行(xing)、供風、除塵、配電(dian)、控制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)七大(da)(da)(da)輔助部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成，為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)封閉設(she)計，全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無人(ren)(ren)值守，采用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)數據(ju)計算(suan)和智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)識別技術，利用(yong)X射(she)線源的(de)(de)穿(chuan)透力(li)原(yuan)(yuan)理，對煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)與矸(gan)石(shi)進(jin)行(xing)數字化(hua)識別，把密度(du)(du)不同(tong)的(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開來(lai)，并針對不同(tong)的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特征建立與之相適應(ying)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析模型(xing)，最(zui)終(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)執(zhi)行(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)控制(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)壓風將矸(gan)石(shi)排(pai)出(chu)，實(shi)(shi)現煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離。該系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計矸(gan)石(shi)帶煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)率1%～3%、塊煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帶矸(gan)率3%～5%，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)精度(du)(du)接近重介淺槽分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機，高(gao)(gao)于(yu)動(dong)篩跳汰分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機及其它干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備；具有較強的(de)(de)處(chu)理能(neng)(neng)力(li)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)處(chu)理能(neng)(neng)力(li)可達140t/h，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)粒(li)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50～300mm。三是發(fa)揮系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)優勢，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)優勢，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上(shang)一級安(an)裝(zhuang)一臺滾(gun)軸篩、一臺振動(dong)布料(liao)(liao)器，由(you)滾(gun)軸篩分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中粒(li)度(du)(du)50mm以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)塊狀煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)后(hou)，經(jing)轉(zhuan)載(zai)皮(pi)帶轉(zhuan)運(yun)至振動(dong)布料(liao)(liao)器排(pai)隊(dui)，平鋪進(jin)入(ru)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機進(jin)行(xing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)識別分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)來(lai)，每小時可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)石(shi)10～20噸，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)由(you)4000大(da)(da)(da)卡提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升至4600大(da)(da)(da)卡，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)達15%；另外，系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)同(tong)時，還能(neng)(neng)釋放主(zhu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)力(li)，可置(zhi)(zhi)換增加10%高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)(liang)，實(shi)(shi)現原(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)效(xiao)，年創效(xiao)可達1500余(yu)萬元。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤，構建綠色開采新模式
目前，我國煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)主要采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)井(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方式，導致地面(mian)大面(mian)積塌(ta)(ta)陷，對(dui)周邊環(huan)境造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)較大影(ying)響，后期土地復(fu)墾、塌(ta)(ta)陷補償、村莊搬(ban)遷等(deng)(deng)費(fei)用巨大。王樓煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)自2007年投(tou)產、2014年出(chu)現地面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷以來(lai)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)地面(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷達5000余畝，最大下沉量(liang)達到1米(mi)(mi)以上，五(wu)年來(lai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)各類治理、補償等(deng)(deng)費(fei)用超過(guo)3.5億元。為進一步降(jiang)本增(zeng)效，實(shi)現高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)依托井(jing)(jing)下TDS智能干選(xuan)(xuan)系統，配(pei)合(he)打(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)和(he)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸系統，構(gou)建形成(cheng)(cheng)了煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)綠色(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式，在提(ti)高資源回收率、減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)動(dong)影(ying)響，降(jiang)低地面(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷、保護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境的(de)(de)同(tong)時，還(huan)可(ke)有(you)效防止(zhi)沖擊地壓的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。一是實(shi)施(shi)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，實(shi)現矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)(huan)煤(mei)(mei)“循環(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)金”。礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)TDS智能干選(xuan)(xuan)系統運(yun)行(xing)以來(lai)，每天可(ke)分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)200噸(dun)(dun)左右(you)。經綜(zong)合(he)分(fen)(fen)析論證，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)南翼三采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)區上部(bu)13313條采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)和(he)13315條采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)之(zhi)間所留110米(mi)(mi)條帶煤(mei)(mei)柱具備充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)條件，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)于2018年下半年完成(cheng)(cheng)了該(gai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)裝布置(zhi)；同(tong)時，利(li)用原來(lai)的(de)(de)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)運(yun)輸系統，配(pei)合(he)液壓傳動(dong)高位翻車機(ji)、梭式礦(kuang)車、輪齒式雙齒輥破(po)(po)碎(sui)機(ji)等(deng)(deng)，改造(zao)(zao)(zao)建設(she)了矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸系統，順利(li)實(shi)施(shi)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，可(ke)將每天分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)的(de)(de)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)全部(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)消化，置(zhi)換(huan)(huan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原煤(mei)(mei)約150噸(dun)(dun)，實(shi)現了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、以矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)(huan)煤(mei)(mei)。二(er)是構(gou)建綠色(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)模式，打(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)礦(kuang)山。礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)通過(guo)打(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)TDS智能干選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)系統，構(gou)建形成(cheng)(cheng)了煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)智能識別分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)分(fen)(fen)級破(po)(po)碎(sui)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)以矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)(huan)煤(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式，具有(you)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)排放(fang)量(liang)、置(zhi)換(huan)(huan)條帶煤(mei)(mei)柱、減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)地面(mian)沉降(jiang)等(deng)(deng)多項優勢，對(dui)提(ti)高煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)資源回收率、保護周邊環(huan)境、防止(zhi)沖擊地壓等(deng)(deng)均有(you)較強的(de)(de)積極作(zuo)(zuo)用，經濟和(he)社(she)會效益明顯(xian)，實(shi)現礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)發(fa)展與環(huan)保工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)協(xie)同(tong)共促，推進了“綠色(se)(se)礦(kuang)山”建設(she)步伐。并于7月7日(ri)順利(li)通過(guo)了濟寧市(shi)國土資源局組(zu)織的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)礦(kuang)山評審驗收。
