王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團，位于濟寧市任城區境內，坐落于微山湖畔，礦井于2004年9月開工建設，2007年7月1日投入生產，減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓，走向長壁一次采全高，全部垮落法管理頂板，井底車場水平為-680m，主采3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層，平均開采(cai)厚度2.12m，屬中厚煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)種主要為低灰、低磷、低硫的1/3焦(jiao)精(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)。近年(nian)來(lai)，王(wang)樓煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦按照能源集團(tuan)“一提雙優”及集團(tuan)公(gong)司新舊(jiu)動能轉換工作部署，持續(xu)推進(jin)裝備升級、系統優化，邁出了(le)智能智慧(hui)礦山建(jian)設堅實(shi)步(bu)伐。特別是面(mian)對去(qu)年(nian)以來(lai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭生(sheng)產(chan)形勢(shi)大(da)變局和減量(liang)化生(sheng)產(chan)挑戰，王(wang)樓煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦堅持深思一層、先行一步(bu)，聚焦(jiao)產(chan)出原煤(mei)(mei)(mei)質量(liang)“做文章”，將煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭洗選(xuan)環節前置(zhi)、下(xia)沉至井(jing)下(xia)，引(yin)進(jin)TDS智能干選(xuan)工藝，將選(xuan)出的矸石直接(jie)用于井(jing)下(xia)條(tiao)采(cai)工作面(mian)充填，構(gou)建(jian)形成了(le)綠色開采(cai)新模式，推動了(le)礦井(jing)高(gao)質量(liang)發展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節，變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井，采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁；同時，3上煤(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)中普遍存在1-2層(ceng)夾矸(gan)(gan)(gan)，夾矸(gan)(gan)(gan)總厚為0.3米(mi)；截至2018年年底，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)含矸(gan)(gan)(gan)率(lv)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)數據(ju)為30%～35%，較大(da)程(cheng)度(du)影(ying)響(xiang)礦(kuang)(kuang)井產能(neng)(neng)釋放，一直以(yi)來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)著(zhu)礦(kuang)(kuang)井高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)展。為從(cong)根本上解決升井矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)礦(kuang)(kuang)井原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)和(he)發(fa)熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)問題，礦(kuang)(kuang)井按照(zhao)集團公司“出煤(mei)(mei)不見(jian)煤(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)不升井”的(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)部署，打破思維，從(cong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)運(yun)輸環節入手，實(shi)施地(di)下原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質工程(cheng)，變(bian)產原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)為產商品煤(mei)(mei)。一是(shi)多方調研論證，前置洗選(xuan)(xuan)關口(kou)。為實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質，礦(kuang)(kuang)井經多方調研論證，將關口(kou)前移，于去(qu)年12月份，引進(jin)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，首(shou)次將TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)技(ji)術(shu)應用于井下，在主運(yun)輸皮帶系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中安(an)裝智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)機，建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)世界首(shou)個(ge)井下TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)炭洗選(xuan)(xuan)工藝流程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)變(bian)革(ge)，入選(xuan)(xuan)2018年度(du)煤(mei)(mei)炭裝備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造業十大(da)新聞(wen)。二是(shi)依托智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)識(shi)別，實(shi)現(xian)無人值守(shou)。礦(kuang)(kuang)井TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)給料(liao)、識(shi)別、執(zhi)行(xing)、供(gong)風(feng)、除塵、配電、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等七大(da)輔助(zhu)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)，為全(quan)(quan)封(feng)閉設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)無人值守(shou)，采用大(da)數據(ju)計(ji)(ji)算和(he)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)識(shi)別技(ji)術(shu)，利用X射線源的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿透(tou)力(li)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)與矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)數字(zi)化識(shi)別，把密(mi)度(du)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質區分(fen)(fen)(fen)開來(lai)，并針對(dui)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)質特(te)征建(jian)立與之(zhi)相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析模(mo)型，最(zui)終(zhong)通過(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)執(zhi)行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)壓風(feng)將矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)排出，實(shi)現(xian)煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離。該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)帶煤(mei)(mei)率(lv)1%～3%、塊煤(mei)(mei)帶矸(gan)(gan)(gan)率(lv)3%～5%，分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)精度(du)接(jie)近重介淺槽分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)機，高(gao)(gao)于動(dong)篩(shai)跳汰分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)機及其它干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)；具有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，最(zui)大(da)處(chu)(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)可達(da)140t/h，分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)粒度(du)為50～300mm。三(san)是(shi)發(fa)揮(hui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)優(you)勢，實(shi)施原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質。為充分(fen)(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)優(you)勢，礦(kuang)(kuang)井在系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上一級安(an)裝一臺(tai)滾軸篩(shai)、一臺(tai)振動(dong)布(bu)料(liao)器(qi)，由(you)滾軸篩(shai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)出原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)中粒度(du)50mm以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)塊狀煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)后，經轉載皮帶轉運(yun)至振動(dong)布(bu)料(liao)器(qi)排隊，平鋪進(jin)入TDS智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)機進(jin)行(xing)煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)識(shi)別分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)來(lai)，每小時可分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)10～20噸，礦(kuang)(kuang)井原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)熱量(liang)由(you)4000大(da)卡(ka)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升至4600大(da)卡(ka)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)達(da)15%；另外，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)釋放主井的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)力(li)，可置換增加(jia)10%高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)，實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)效(xiao)(xiao)，年創效(xiao)(xiao)可達(da)1500余萬元(yuan)。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤，構建綠色開采新模式
目(mu)前，我(wo)國煤(mei)(mei)炭開(kai)采(cai)(cai)主要(yao)采(cai)(cai)取井(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)方式(shi)(shi)，導致地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)大面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積塌(ta)(ta)陷，對周邊環(huan)(huan)境造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)大影響(xiang)，后期土地(di)(di)復(fu)墾、塌(ta)(ta)陷補(bu)償、村莊搬遷等費用(yong)巨大。王樓煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)自2007年(nian)投產、2014年(nian)出(chu)現(xian)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷達5000余(yu)畝，最(zui)大下沉(chen)量(liang)達到(dao)1米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，五年(nian)來(lai)(lai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)治理、補(bu)償等費用(yong)超過3.5億元。為進一(yi)步降本(ben)增效(xiao)(xiao)，實(shi)現(xian)高質量(liang)發展，礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)依托井(jing)下TDS智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，配合(he)打造(zao)了(le)(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)矸(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，構(gou)建形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)煤(mei)(mei)炭綠色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)(shi)，在提高資源回收(shou)率、減小(xiao)采(cai)(cai)動影響(xiang)，降低地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷、保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還可(ke)有效(xiao)(xiao)防止沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)壓的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。一(yi)是實(shi)施矸(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)，實(shi)現(xian)矸(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)“循(xun)環(huan)(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金”。礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，每天可(ke)分選(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)石(shi)200噸左右(you)。經綜合(he)分析論(lun)證，礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)南翼三采(cai)(cai)區上(shang)部13313條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)13315條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)之間所留(liu)110米條(tiao)帶煤(mei)(mei)柱具備充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)條(tiao)件，礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)于(yu)2018年(nian)下半年(nian)完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)該充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安裝布置；同(tong)時，利用(yong)原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)矸(gan)石(shi)運(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，配合(he)液(ye)壓傳動高位翻(fan)車機、梭(suo)式(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)車、輪(lun)齒式(shi)(shi)雙齒輥破碎機等，改造(zao)建設(she)了(le)(le)(le)矸(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，順利實(shi)施了(le)(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)，可(ke)將每天分選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)矸(gan)石(shi)全(quan)部充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)消化，置換(huan)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)原煤(mei)(mei)約(yue)150噸，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)、以(yi)(yi)矸(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)。二是構(gou)建綠色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)模式(shi)(shi)，打造(zao)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山。礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)通(tong)過打造(zao)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，構(gou)建形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)識別分選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)石(shi)分級(ji)破碎、矸(gan)石(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)以(yi)(yi)矸(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)綠色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)(shi)，具有減少矸(gan)石(shi)排放量(liang)、置換(huan)條(tiao)帶煤(mei)(mei)柱、減小(xiao)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)降等多項(xiang)優勢，對提高煤(mei)(mei)炭資源回收(shou)率、保(bao)護(hu)周邊環(huan)(huan)境、防止沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)壓等均有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)積極作(zuo)用(yong)，經濟和(he)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益明(ming)顯，實(shi)現(xian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)發展與環(huan)(huan)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)協同(tong)共(gong)促，推(tui)進了(le)(le)(le)“綠色礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山”建設(she)步伐。并于(yu)7月7日順利通(tong)過了(le)(le)(le)濟寧市(shi)國土資源局(ju)組織的(de)(de)(de)綠色礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山評審驗收(shou)。
